That said, we reached a similar conclusion to independent studies of underlying neural mechanisms in AD: Individuals with the APOE-ε4 allele (females in particular) have a higher risk of neurodegeneration due to an increase of excitatory activity in neural circuits (Jiménez-Balado & Eich, 2021; Koutsodendris et al., 2022; Y. Li et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.