Recently, the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)—also called CD279—and one of its two primary ligands, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)—also called B7-H1 or CD274—have gained importance with respect to the pathophysiology of sepsis and as a novel drug target for therapy [11]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is Sepsis.