Key changes include: (1) removal of morphology alone as a diagnostic premise to make a diagnosis of AML-MR; (2) update of defining cytogenetic criteria; and, (3) introduction of a mutation-based definition based on a set of 8 genes – SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, STAG2, > 95% of which are present specifically in AML arising post MDS or MDS/MPN [56, 57]. The gene discussed is ASXL1; the disease is myeloproliferative neoplasm.