RAF1 and Japanese encephalitis: Researchers conducted molecular detection by using RNA extracted from various sampling points (feather pulp, brain, heart, kidney, spleen, and intestine) and followed 2 strategies targeting different regions of the BAGV genome (nonstructural 2b, nonstructural 5 [NS5], and 3′ nontranslated region) (Appendix Table); first, a duplex quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for the simultaneous and differential detection of Japanese encephalitis and Ntaya flavivirus serocomplexes (8), and second, a uniplex quantitative RT-PCR specific for the NS5 coding region of BAGV (9).