The pathological basis for this refractoriness can beexplained by several factors, including malabsorption of iron (atrophic gastritis),deficiency of other hematopoietic vitamins or minerals (vitamin B12, zinc, copper),other undiagnosed anemic disorders (renal anemia or hematopoietic diseases), as wellas certain hereditary disorders of iron metabolism, for example IRIDA caused bygenetic mutation of the SLC11A2 gene14,17,.18 Here, SLC11A2 is linked to chronic atrophic gastritis.