Consistent with previous reports, loss of EPCAM led to a progressive deterioration of intestinal epithelia, resulting in epithelial tufting, villous dysplasia and general villous atrophy in small intestine (Fig. 3A-A′, arrowheads), and dysplastic development with loss of mucin-producing Goblet cells (Fig. 3B, open arrowheads), cyst formation, and epithelial erosion in the colon (Fig. 3B, arrow and arrowhead, respectively) (Guerra et al., 2012; Lei et al., 2012; Mueller et al., 2014) (Fig. 3A-B′). Here, EPCAM is linked to cyst.