Previous studies have demonstrated upregulation of MATIIα in HCC.6,31 To define the clinical relevance of MATIIα and VCIP135 in human HCC, we analyzed the expression of MATIIα and VCIP135 in HCC cell lines and found that both MATIIα and VCIP135 were upregulated in most HCC cell lines compared with normal liver tissues (Fig. 6a). The gene discussed is VCPIP1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.