Analyzing the impact of the potential fungal translocation during PASC on immune cell activation (such as the coexpression of CD38 and HLA-DR on T cells), other markers of systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction during COVID-19 (such as GDF-15 and galectins, refs. 55, 141), and the expression of β-glucan receptors (such as Dectin-1 on monocytes and NKp30 on NK cells), in the intestines and systemically, will be also needed in future studies. This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and long COVID-19.