We found that a combined immune score calculated on the basis of the levels of immune-inhibitory factors (programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1], Thymocyte selection-associated HMG box protein [TOX], and Foxp3) and immune-stimulatory factors (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, and tertitary lymphoid structures [TLS]), as shown in Methods, revealed higher levels of these factors in nonresponders at baseline (P < 0.05) and that CCRT reduced the expression of immune-suppressive factors such as TOX (P < 0.05) and induced more infiltrated lymphocytes in tumor tissues (Figure 5, A–C). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.