First, it has been demonstrated that ApoA1 levels of paroxysmal AF patients decreased significantly39; Second, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HDL-C and APOA1 may prevent the formation of the AF matrix and risk factors40–42; Third, it more and more appeared that abnormal levels of LDL-C might increase the risk of incident AF43,44; In addition, lower serum PAB are associated with inflammatory status, impaired cardiac function, and cardiovascular risk 45,46, and it has been found in the AF patients47. The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.