HLA-C and neoplasm: αβ TCRs activate the TCR signaling pathway by binding to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on tumor cells or antigen presenting cells (APCs), which then activates a series of intracellular proteins including CD3ζ, 70-kD zeta-associated protein (ZAP70), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2), thereby mediating T cell immune function [18, 19].