PTPN11 and cancer: These include: NRP1, a key receptor for the VEGF165 isoform;25 Stat3, a multifunctional transcriptional mediator that regulates different facets of angiogenesis including cell proliferation and survival;26 c-Jun, a component of activator protein-1 complex that controls endothelial cell survival in different human cancers;27 SHP2, a tyrosine phosphatase that mediates endothelial cell proliferation and vessel growth by the PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2 pathways;28 and VEGF, a known pro-angiogenic factor29.