Among the top KEGG pathways significantly increased in WM rats were several inflammatory pathways (cytokine/cytokine receptor interactions, IL-17 signaling, asthma, intestinal immune network, TNF signaling, and chemokine signaling), as well as pathways known to play a role in tumor growth (Jak/Stat signaling and pathways in cancer) (Fig. 3A). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.