In this context, the aims of this study were: (1) to compare plasma levels of S100A12 and other associated mediators between survivors and non-survivors with sepsis; (2) to compare serial change of levels of S100A12 and other associated mediators in survivors and non-survivors with sepsis; (3) to evaluate the effect of inhibiting S100A12 on cytokine production in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); and (4) to create a possible mechanism that modulates cytokine production. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is Sepsis.