However, several genes from the 49 up-regulated genes, including IL-5, CCL20, CCL26, CCL3, CSF3, CXCL11, IFNγ, TNFRSF11B, and TNFSF10, that showed a small increase in CKD (≤1.05 fold) when compared to controls, were not statistically different. Here, IFNG is linked to chronic kidney disease.