Chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) increased 1.75-fold, C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) increased 1.43-fold, Interleukin 16 (IL-16) increased 1.21-fold, and complement 5 (C5) increased 1.44-fold in the CKD dogs when compared to the control dogs (all p < 0.05 vs. Con; Figure 3). Here, IL16 is linked to chronic kidney disease.