Several cytokines and chemokines were increased in CKD in the present study, including CCL24, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12, IL-4, CCR1, CCR3, CCR8, IL-17C, IL-5RA, OSM, and TNFSF11, although they were not statistically significant. This evidence concerns the gene OSM and chronic kidney disease.