While CXCL5 and/or CXCR2 are increased in patients with renal cell carcinoma [41], type-2 diabetic nephropathy [42], or acute rejection of kidney allograft [43], the role of CXCL5 in mediating continually declining kidney function is not clear. Here, CXCL5 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.