INS and Anxiety: Due to the anti-bacterial annihilation of many bacterial classes, with the main exception of Firmicutes of the Bacillus class, the effects associated with this overhaul of gut microbial composition were the enhancement of CNS insulin signaling and reduced anxiety and depression correlating with alterations in amino acids, GABA, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), tryptophan, and acylcarnitines [30].