CTNS and infection: This may be of great clinical importance, since simple noninvasive and non-traumatic methods of obtaining urine and oral fluid do not require trained medical personnel during biomaterial acquisition, and it also reduces the risk of infection with hemocontact infections such as HIV and viral hepatitis, whereas, previously, the diagnostic value of cTns in this noninvasive-derived biomaterial was extremely low or questionable when moderate-sensitivity troponin immunoassays were used [8,9].