Compared with HTMCs co-cultured with irradiated Jurkat cells, infection with HTLV-1 via co-culture with irradiated MT-2 cells significantly increased phospho p65 NF-κB expression in HTMCs (Figure 5), suggesting that HTLV-1 infection substantially upregulates the activation of NF-κB in trabecular meshwork cells, ultimately leading to increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and enhancing the inflammatory response in the trabecular meshwork. Here, NFKB1 is linked to infection.