In both total PPH and PPH without liver disease groups, a greater incidence of hospital mortality was found among the group exhibiting a lesser value compared to normal for ALB, whereas in the total PPH group, a greater proportion of patients experiencing hospital mortality was reported among the group with a greater level in contrast with normal for AST (for total patients with PPH, ALB: p = 0.008; AST: p = 0.003; for patients with PPH and without liver disease, ALB: p = 0.013) (Table 3). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.