In addition, the mice in the HFD group exhibited a significantly greater increase in FBG (P < 0.05), glucose intolerance levels (P < 0.05), insulin (P < 0.05), and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05) than those in the STD group (Fig. 1c–g), and similar trends were noted in TG (P < 0.05) and TC (P < 0.05) levels (Fig. 1h and i). Here, INS is linked to Glucose intolerance.