TNNI3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The study by Ulf Nilsson et al. also showed that in patients with COPD, elevated hs-cTnI both independently (HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.46–5.07) and in combination with ischemic ECG abnormalities (HR 4.54, 95% CI 2.25–9.13) were associated with an increased risk of mortality [15].