Activation of both transcription factors has also been confirmed for KSHV-ORF74 and HCMV-US28 where their activation has been linked to regulation of other downstream effectors (COX-2, CXCL8, ANGPT2, ICAM-1) contributing to different cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, production of inflammatory cytokines and tumour promoting properties (51, 67, 78). This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and neoplasm.