TLR4 and diabetes mellitus: For example, recent studies have reported that Nlrp3 can activate Tlr4 signaling, leading to the neuroinflammatory responses (45), and illustrated the possible mechanism related to Nlrp3 inflammasome and peripheral inflammation in microglia of mice, and the aggravation of diabetes neuroinflammation in the cortex and hippocampus (46, 47).