NFE2L2 and Ureteral obstruction: It increases fibronectin, and smooth muscle actin occurs 14 days after obstruction, which is always accompanied by decreased antioxidant genes with ARE sequences, which are the downstream genes of Nrf2. This supports the theory that NRF2 may play a negative role in the incidence and progression of TIF by activating the expression of downstream antioxidant genes, which may generate antioxidants such as GSH, thus neutralizing the oxidants generated by ureteral obstruction or ischemia and protecting the tubules and interstitium from oxidative damage and secondary TIF.