Dimethyl fumarate, a synthetic substance that may stimulate and activate NRF2, subsequently upregulates the expression of antioxidative genes (HO-1, NQO1, etc.)and modulates the activation of TGF-β, thus preventing renal fibrosis triggered by oxidative damage and the improper activation of TGF-β(Oh et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.