In in vivo and in vitro studies, testosterone propionate, dimethyl fumarate, and sinomenine have been found to possess the ability to attenuate renal fibrosis caused by improper activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway by inhibiting the abnormal expression of TGF-β-induced profibrotic genes or preventing phosphorylated TGF-β stimulation (Oh et al., 2012; Qin et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018a). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.