TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Fusobacterium nucleatum has the ability to invade the colorectal mucosa, induce local inflammatory effects, and increase the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), thus possibly promoting CRC (Kostic et al., 2013; McCoy et al., 2013; Saito et al., 2016).