The regulation of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment is affected by many factors, including genomic alterations, epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification, and post-translational modification (Atsaves et al., 2017; Zerdes et al., 2018; Zhu et al., 2018; Yi et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.