CCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: As shown in Figures 9A–F, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, CCL2, and CXCL10 gene expression levels were notably elevated in the liver of HFD-induced NAFLD rats, while YLZD treatment effectively inhibited the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines.