Our results revealed that surgery and anesthesia suppressed the expression of α7nAChR in the hippocampus and cortex, as evidenced by the significant reduction in α7nAChR-positive cells in the CA1, CA3, and cortex (Figure 2), which may be a key factor for uncontrolled neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive impairment. Here, CHRNA7 is linked to Cognitive impairment.