It has been reported that CCl4 could activate Kupffer cells that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines through upregulating TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, IL -1β, IL-6, profibrotic cytokine TGF-21, and nuclear factor mB p65 protein expression in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model (Unsal et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.