TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent profibrogenic cytokine that plays a central role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by promoting fibroblast proliferation and phenotype modulation, stimulating the deposition of ECM, and participating in crosstalk with other cytokines and signaling pathways (Ong et al., 2021).