TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Strategies for the treatment of IPF by targeting the TGF-β pathway include blocking TGF-β synthesis, preventing activation of latent TGF-β, neutralizing TGF-β ligands/receptors, and blocking canonical and non-canonical pathways (Saito et al., 2018; Hamanaka and Mutlu, 2021; Ong et al., 2021).