TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: FGF2 (basic FGF or bFGF) has a proliferative effect on lung fibroblasts (Hetzel et al., 2005; Khalil et al., 2005), and soluble FGFR2c significantly reduces TGF-β-induced IPF in mice (Ju et al., 2012).