HBG1 and atrial fibrillation: Through bioinformatics analysis in the previous stage, compared with the CON group, HBG1 and HBD were significantly increased in the AF group, while HBG1 and HBD were the main molecules involved in oxygen transport, and HBG1 and HBD had a significant protein interaction with factor Xa, resulting in a significant difference in coagulation function between the AF group and the CON group; Mariya Negreva et al. found that paroxysmal AF tends to have an early hypercoagulable state, involving intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways in their study (Negreva et al., 2020).