Adrenergic activation, catecholamines, angiontensin II (AngII), endothelin 1 (ET-1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are well-known neurohumoral factors related to the development of cardiac hypertrophy (Heineke and Molkentin, 2006). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.