Significant results obtained from clinical trials led to the first approval of alectinib for use in patients with advanced ALK+ NSCLC who relapsed or were intolerant to crizotinib, and in October 2017, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended extending the indication for alectinib to treatment-naïve advanced ALK+ NSCLC patients [22]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.