Zhao et al. (2017) showed that anti-HMGB1 mAbs could antagonize seizures in various epilepsy models and TLR4 knockout mice. This antiepileptic effect was absent (Zhao et al., 2017). Fu et al. (2017) also found that anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies can delay HMGB1 translocation and downregulate the expression of inflammation-related inflammation-related factors. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is epilepsy.