TNF and influenza: In a comprehensive evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with moderate and severe seasonal Influenza and severe COVID-19 has revealed that the pulmonary compartment is composed of a robust overproduction of immediate proinflammatory response with the presence of tumor necrosis factor IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and CXCL8, TNF and IL-1β (13).