In lupus T cells, and in naïve CD4+ T cells in particular, autophagic vacuoles are more abundant and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (MAP1LC3-II) isoform is over-expressed, indicating that macroautophagy is hyperactivated (27, 29). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.