ADIPOQ and brain injury: Adiponectin (APN) is a plasma hormone predominantly secreted by adipocytes, and is known to exert powerful anti-apoptosis/anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic brain injury, including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, mainly through the Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway (14).