Taken together, p38MAPK and PLC/Ca2+/PKC were shown to be involved in depletion of Dsg1 and Dsg3 (110, 112, 136), as well as in keratin filament dissociation (133, 135), indicating that these signaling pathways are important for disturbed desmosome assembly as well as for desmosome disassembly and internalization in pemphigus pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene DSG1 and pemphigus.