ALCAM and systemic lupus erythematosus: As shown in Supplementary Table 1, the multi-marker panel that best distinguished active LN from active non-renal SLE was a panel composed of ALCAM and PF4 (ROC AUC = 0.71, Accuracy = 0.76, after adjusting for demographic variables), while urine ALCAM alone outperformed all multi-marker panels in distinguishing active SLE from inactive SLE.