Expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 were the earliest recognized candidate biomarkers used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy (Topalian et al., 2012; Taube et al., 2014; Doroshow et al., 2021), and were approved by the FDA for pre-treatment evaluation in patients with melanoma (Kaushik et al., 2022), bladder cancer (Roviello et al., 2021), gastric cancer (Huynh et al., 2021), and cervical cancer (Odiase et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.