Therefore, Xiangzhou Tan constructed a ceRNA network using data from TCGA and GEO databases to identify the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated CRC development and progression, among which four gene signatures (MRPL23-AS1, FRMD6-AS2, and LIFR-AS1) were identified as independent prognostic factors for CRC (107). Here, LIFR is linked to colorectal carcinoma.