Patients with malignant tumors often endure a status of neutrophilia and relative lymphopenia that is predominantly due to the overproduction of tumor-cell-derived granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which has the potential to divert bone marrow hematopoiesis away from the lymphocytic lineage toward the granulocytic lineage (36, 37). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and cancer.