Although immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can treat several solid malignancies such as melanomas, but they are ineffective for pancreatic cancer patients (34). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and pancreatic neoplasm.