INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: Excess corticosteroids in the new-born, either due to excess glucocorticoids in fetal life or due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and excess androgens in the mother due to endocrine disturbances, can predispose to conditions such as oxidative stress, low-grade chronic inflammation, and changes in insulin and lipid metabolism, all of which are present in the background of the syndrome's main clinical manifestations: hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology, which also serve as the diagnostic criteria in PCOS patients (Figure 3) [12].