Because previous studies revealed that multiple lncRNAs indirectly regulated PD-L1 expression to impact the survival of cancer patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) had been integrated into standard-of-care regimens for patients with advanced LUSC (Tian P. et al., 2021; Tian Y. et al., 2021; Mu et al., 2021; and; Yuan et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.