In an in-vitro study of lung fibroblasts collected from cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Nadia Amara and others Amara et al. (2010) discovered the positive correlation between NOX4 expression and the levels of α-smooth muscle actin as well as type I collagen. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.