This ratio was elevated in obesity (Chang et al., 2015), hypertension (Li et al., 2017), and autism (Dan et al., 2020), and decreased in a Hypoxia Induced Factor 1α (HIF-1α) induced alcoholic liver disease mouse model (Shao et al., 2018). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.