FMR1 and fragile X syndrome: Considering this literature, our neuropsychological results suggest that (a) WM impairments in individuals having FMR1 expansions may play a role in difficulties learning math, as it has been previously reported; (b) ­accuracy of nonsymbolic numerical representations is normal in at least a subgroup of individuals with FMR1 mutations; and (c) neuropsychological impairments are observed not only in FXS and premutation alleles but also, as described here, in individuals with gray zone alleles.