SYCE1 and spermatogenic failure 15: The CNVs in these two patients with NOA were assessed as deleterious, including PVS1 (For Spermatogenic failure 15, LoF variant of SYCE1 is a known mechanism, this variant is a gene deletion); PM2 (Absent from controls in Exome Sequencing Project,1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium); PM3 (For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant) according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines (Table 2).