Since impaired autophagy and oxidative stress are linked with the upregulation of AMD-associated genes such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) [40], we quantified APOE expression and found that it is significantly increased in p0 cells (Fig. 3D) suggesting that reduced autophagy flux in cells with loss of mitochondrial function correlates with increased APOE accumulation. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.